The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory: A Cosmic Beginning

Big Bang Theory is the widely accepted cosmological theory in the concept of explaining the beginning and growth of the cosmos. This theory assumed that the universe was once a very small, very hot and very dense point of energy called singularity. It then promptly experienced a sort of burst called cosmic inflation to form the current known universe.   

The Little Story That Tells Big Bang Theory

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB): The CMB was first observed in 1965 and is a low to medium energetic radiation throughout the universe. His claimed that it is a remnant from the Big Bang where the universe was hot and dense.   

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Redshift of Galaxies: These spirals are located in distant galaxies and are characterizes by a redshift, their light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum. This is ascribed to light that has traveled FROM distant galaxies is equivalent to the expanding universe, therefore stretched; observed currently.   

Abundance of Elements: The observed prevalence of the elements within the universe, especially hydrogen, helium, and lithium, corresponds with uttermost precision to early universe conditions that the model makes tentative to explain. 

  

Cosmic Structure: The galaxy distribution in large scale; the gallery exhibiting filaments and voids supports the hypothesis that initial slight irregularities in the universe where gravitationally amplified.

The Stages of the Big Bang

Planck Epoch: The first epoch of the universe which existed for roughly about 10 to the power of -43 second. At this epoch, it is thought that the four fundamental forces of nature (gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear and weak nuclear) acted in concert.   

Grand Unified Theory (GUT) Epoch: It lasts for 10^-43 to 10^-36 seconds during which the strong Nuclear force isolates from the others.

Electroweak Epoch: It is believed that at from 10^-36 sec to 10^-12 sec, other three forces including electromagnetism force, weak nuclear force and gravitational were interacting as a single force.

Quark Epoch: Moreover, between 10^-12 and 10^-6 seconds, there are a great number of creation of quarks and destruction of quarks and antiquarks.   

Hadron Epoch: Hadrons, that involves protons and neutrons are formed when quarks from range 10^-6 second to 1 second.

Lepton Epoch: Durations range from 1s to about 3 minutes; leptons (electrons; neutrinos; and antileptons) form about 99 percent of the universe.

Nucleosynthesis Epoch: At this epoch, protons neutrons begin to join to produce atomic nucleus mainly in the form of hydrogen and helium.

Photon Decoupling and Recombination Epoch: At the estimated time of 380000 years after big bang, cool down of Universe permits free photons to leave from binding with the mass, what is called electromagnetic background. Periods of atoms come into existence and initially they develop, the neutral base of hydrogen and helium.   

Dark Ages: Ranging from 380,000 years to about 900 million years later the Big bang, the universe is made of Neutrino hydrogen and Helium and no visible light.

Reionization Epoch: Both stars and galaxies form and as they do, they emit ultraviolet radiation which turns on the neutral hydrogen and helium, bringing an end to the Dark Ages.

Despite the fact that the Big Bang theory seems to be able to explain how the universe began and then developed, there are many questions left, including the question about the composition of dark matter and dark energy, which take up the largest part of the universe. Studies also are still ongoing as well as observations to improve knowledge of big bang and the history of the universe.